What role does cryoprotectant play in cryopreservation?

Cryoprotectants play a crucial role in cryopreservation by preventing ice crystal formation within cells during the freezing process. When biological tissues are frozen slowly, ice crystals can develop in the cells, causing physical damage and potentially leading to cell death. Cryoprotectants, such as glycerol or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), work by penetrating the cells and reducing the freezing point of the intracellular fluid. This helps to minimize the formation of ice crystals and instead allows for a more controlled transition of water to ice, preserving the integrity of the cells.

Additionally, by stabilizing cell membranes and proteins, cryoprotectants contribute to the viability and functionality of tissues upon thawing. The proper use of cryoprotectants is essential in maintaining cell survival rates for various applications, including tissue transplantation and regenerative medicine. Other choices are less relevant to the specific function of cryoprotectants in the context of cryopreservation.